Horizontal communication is the exchange of information between which parties?

• A. Parties on the same level in an organisation's hierarchy
• B. People inside the business only
• C. External stakeholders such as customers
• D. Between different organizations

Answer: (A)

Horizontal communication is the flow of information between people at the same level in an organisation's hierarchy. This happens when colleagues or teams of equal status share updates, coordinate tasks, or solve issues to keep operations running smoothly across departments. It stays inside the organization, unlike external communication with customers or other organisations, and it’s different from vertical communication, which moves up or down the chain of command. Since horizontal communication involves peers on the same rung of the hierarchy, it matches the description in the question.